System Processes- Solaris

                                                                                                

                                                            SYSTEM PROCESSES

Well… Process that is running on system is called System Process… Ha ha hah…

OK…OK… sorry for the excellent explanation… but it is more or less TRUE,

First what is Process?

Any running Program … right?  

Fine and that running program can run anywhere a/c to requirement, here it is running on system so it’s called SYSTEM PROCESSES.

How do we identify a process? Simple question… just as any organization identifies their employees … by employee id. It’s same here but called Process ID (every running Pr. Has a unique PID)

A process can create another process called child process and the initiator will obviously Parent process.

The Process of creating new process (child) from existing (parent) is called FORKING.

Most Processes in the system are created by “FORK SYSTEM CALLS” , fork system calls causes the current process to be split into 2 processes… parent & child

The child process continues to execute on the CPU till completion, after completion it returns all resources back to system.  

While running child process, parent pr. either waits for child’s completion or continues to execute, if it is executing it will periodically checks for the completion of child process.

A process goes under many changes during its lifespan…

PROCESS STATES,

[R]     ready/runnable         

it is ready to execute whenever cpu time is available, it means it has already taken all the

required resources, just waiting for the green signal by cpu.

[O]     running                   

pr. Is running

[S]     sleeping                 

My child is still playing outside so getting bored by waiting and feeling sleepy

Or 

I am ready to cook but there is no rice & vegetables, means pr. Is waiting for resources

[Z]     zombie                            

Ohhh… Zombies!!! Well zombies doesn’t always mean Resident Evil, Here it is

A phase in which papa is waiting for son to come back after play and son returned home from back door and papa still waiting, no body at home told papa that hey papa child has returned.

It means that child pr. Is terminated but its entry is not removed from process table, until the parent acknowledges the death of child pr by executing the “wait” system call… also known as “ DEFUNCT PROCESSES”

[W]     waiting          

Pr. Is waiting for cpu usage to drop to the cpu-caps enforced limits.

[T]      traced                   

Son goes missing, papa is searching for him and filed a complaint also… so police

Has found son and keep him with them.

                                      Pr. Was stopped by a signal b’coz parent is tracing it,

                                      Son was stopped by police b’coz papa is searching / tracing him.

OK…OK… enough with theory… but there is only theory …. Well let’s see some commands

root@sol-test-2:>/# ps

   PID TTY         TIME CMD

 27729 pts/2       0:00 ps

 27717 pts/2       0:00 bash

 27728 pts/2       0:02 mkfile

root@sol-test-2:>/#

ps

it gives the details about that particular terminal or user on that terminal only  

root@sol-test-2:>/# ps -ef

     UID   PID  PPID   C    STIME TTY         TIME CMD

    root     0     0   0   Aug 16 ?          29:25 sched

    root     1     0   0   Aug 16 ?           0:01 /sbin/init

    root     2     0   0   Aug 16 ?           0:00 pageout

    root     3     0   0   Aug 16 ?           4:42 fsflush

    root     4     0   0   Aug 16 ?           0:00 vmtasks

    root   380     8   0   Aug 16 console     0:00 /usr/lib/saf/ttymon -g -d /dev/console -l console -m ldterm,ttcompat -h -p sol-

    root     8     1   0   Aug 16 ?           0:07 /lib/svc/bin/svc.startd

    root    10     1   0   Aug 16 ?           0:11 /lib/svc/bin/svc.configd

    root 27116 27115   0   Aug 17 ?           0:03 /usr/lib/autofs/automountd

    root   417   416   0   Aug 16 ?           0:00 /usr/sadm/lib/smc/bin/smcboot

    root   149     1   0   Aug 16 ?           0:00 /usr/lib/power/powerd

    root   120     1   0   Aug 16 ?           0:00 /usr/lib/sysevent/syseventd

    root   237     1   0   Aug 16 ?           0:00 /lib/svc/method/iscsi-initiator

                                                          |

                                                          |

                                                o/p removed

                                                          |

                                                          |

So what this

Ps –ef is telling ?

-e Lists information about every process on the system.

-f Generates a full listing.

-l Generates a long listing.

          UID   PID  PPID   C    STIME TTY         TIME CMD

UID               by which user this pr is running

PID               what is the pr. Id of that process

PPID             parent process id

C                  Processor utilization for   scheduling (obsolete)

STIME           starting time of process (HH:MM:SS) (A process begun more than twenty-four                           hour before the  ps  inquiry  is executed is given in months and days.)

TTY              The assigned terminal to the process, ? marked processes has no terminal                                 assigned

TIME             Cumulative CPU time used by process (MM:SS)

CMD             command that generated the process

root@sol-test-1:>/# ps -el

 F S    UID   PID  PPID   C PRI NI     ADDR     SZ    WCHAN TTY         TIME CMD

 1 T      0     0     0   0   0 SY        ?      0          ?           0:23 sched

 0 S      0     1     0   0  40 20        ?    636        ? ?           0:01 init

 1 S      0     2     0   0   0 SY        ?      0        ? ?           0:02 pageout

 1 S      0     3     0   0   0 SY        ?      0        ? ?           3:25 fsflush

 1 S      0     4     0   0   0 SD        ?      0        ? ?           0:00 vmtasks

 0 S      1   354     1   0  40 20        ?    705        ? ?           0:00 statd

 0 S      0     8     1   0  40 20        ?   3159        ? ?           0:12 svc.star

 0 S      0    10     1   0  40 20        ?   2863        ? ?           0:16 svc.conf

                                                          ||||||||

                                                      o/p removed

                                                          ||||||||

OK.. now what's the ps –el 

F S    UID   PID  PPID   C PRI NI     ADDR     SZ    WCHAN TTY         TIME CMD

F                  flags associated with the processes (useless column)

S                  process status (i.e. O, S, R, Z, T, W)

UID

PID

PPID

C

PRI               priority of process [without –c (higher value – lower priority)]

                                             [with –c (higher value – higher priority)]

NI                Nice Value, means scheduling priority… I want to make this process nicer means I have to

                   Lower the nice value

ADDR            memory address of the process

SZ                SIZE FIELD-total no. of pages in Process   (root@sol-test-1:>/# pagesize)

WCHAN         The address of an event for which the process is sleeping (if there is just – in this                       field means that the process is running)

                    The Memory address for sleeping process events (WCHAN) , which is <hex no>
                    for PID <pid>

TTY

TIME

CMD

PROCESS GREP (pgrep)

ps + grep = pgrep

root@sol-test-2:>/#pgrep sendmail
940
939

root@sol-test-2:>/#pgrep rpcbind
338

PROCESS  STATISTICS  SUMMARY  ( prstat )

Info remains on the screen and updated periodically

#prstat

#prstat <option> <interval in sec.> <count>

Options:

-a      displays separate reports about process and users at same time

-c       do not overwrite old one, just print the new ones beneath

-u      uid

-n      restricts the no. of o/p lines

root@sol-test-2:>/# prstat

PID    USERNAME  SIZE   RSS STATE  PRI NICE      TIME  CPU PROCESS/NLWP

671    root     8056K 5024K sleep   59    0   0:05:13 0.1% vmtoolsd/1

27777 root     3752K 2864K cpu0    39    0   0:00:00 0.0% prstat/1

937    noaccess  160M  146M sleep   59    0   0:03:49 0.0% java/18

811    root       27M   12M sleep   59    0   0:01:09 0.0% Xorg/1

895    root       11M 5732K sleep   59    0   0:02:05 0.0% dtgreet/1

27717 root     3012K 1732K sleep   49    0   0:00:00 0.0% bash/1

===============  o/p removed ===============

root@sol-test-2:>/# prstat -a

   PID USERNAME  SIZE   RSS STATE  PRI NICE      TIME  CPU PROCESS/NLWP

 27778 root     3752K 2872K cpu2    49    0   0:00:00 0.1% prstat/1

   671 root     8056K 5024K sleep   59    0   0:05:13 0.0% vmtoolsd/1

   937 noaccess  160M  146M sleep   59    0   0:03:49 0.0% java/18

   895 root       11M 5732K sleep   59    0   0:02:05 0.0% dtgreet/1

===============  o/p removed ===============

NPROC USERNAME  SWAP   RSS MEMORY      TIME  CPU

    41 root       78M   80M   7.8%   0:18:10 0.1%

     1 noaccess  154M  147M    14%   0:03:49 0.0%

     1 t2user2   452K 1328K   0.1%   0:00:00 0.0%

     1 smmsp    1476K 4012K   0.4%   0:00:01 0.0%

     6 daemon   7112K 6144K   0.6%   0:00:00 0.0%

===============  o/p removed ===============

Total: 50 processes, 345 lwps, load averages: 0.04, 0.03, 0.02

         

root@sol-test-2:>/# prstat -u root -n4 2 5

show me the process statics summary of user root but display only 4 lines with 2 second interval and repeat this for 5 times

root@sol-test-2:>/# prstat

PID USERNAME  SIZE   RSS STATE  PRI NICE      TIME  CPU PROCESS/NLWP

PID

USERNAME

SIZE                       The total virtual memory size of the process in kilobytes (K), megabytes                                   (M), or gigabytes (G)

         

RSS                       The resident set size of the process in kilobytes (K), megabytes (M), or gigabytes (G)

                             (Physical Mem)

STATE                    The state of the process

cpu               The process is running on the CPU.

sleep            The process is waiting for an event to complete.

run               The process is in the run queue.

Zombie         The process has terminated, and the parent is not waiting.

stop              The process is stopped.

         

PRI                        The priority of the process

NICE                      The value used in priority computation

TIME                      The cumulative execution time for the process

CPU                        The percentage of recent CPU time used by the process

PROCESS                The name of the process

NLWP                     The number of lightweight processes (LWPs) or threads in the process

                            

NOW I want only Particular stats

root@sol-test-2:>/# prstat -s rss

root@sol-test-2:>/# prstat -s cpu

root@sol-test-2:>/# prstat -s size

root@sol-test-2:>/# prstat -s pri

root@sol-test-2:>/# prstat -s time

root@sol-test-2:>/# prstat –a

root@sol-test-2:>/# prstat –t

Provides complete user’s resource utilization

root@sol-test-2:>/# prstat –Z

Provides summary per local zone

REAP A ZOMBIE PROCESS,,

WOOO… zombies again… kill them kill them …. but how ?

root@sol-test-1:>/# ps -ef |grep -i z

Unfortunately I don’t have any zombies in my system… but this will list them if any

Just find their PID and

#preap <pid>

STOP & RESUME ANY PROCESS,,

#pstop <pid>

#prun <pid>

GUI,,

#smc &

This Comp – System Status – Processes